Planetary Ionospheres and Ionospheric Instabilities

Over the several decades’ degree of theoretical and experimental investigations on the Planetary ionospheres have continued to escalate in different aspects. Studying the mechanics of ionospheric events is essential to comprehending space weather, its effects on planetary atmospheres, and its instabilities. Usually, such physics entails simulating ionosphere dynamics. Ionospheric region has weak particle collision rate and weak magnetic field strength gradient. Primary Solar wind and other secondary cosmic sources are the main sources of energy and momenta to this open plasma system. These regions have many linear and nonlinear properties for the energy exchange among waves and particles. Complex radiation emission phenomena are observed in different altitudes of terrestrial ionospheric regions by ground based and satellite based observatories. In this note, characteristics of ionospheric plasma and various instabilities which are observed in this domain are discussed which are helpful for near Earth space environment.